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Mexico's Federal Government Structure

Mexico’s Federal Executive Branch

President

The president (presidente) is elected by simple majority and can serve one six-year term in office.  He can not be re-elected.  The president acts as Chief of State, Commander in Chief, and Chief of Government.  He appoints a cabinet but does not have a Vice President.  He also has veto power

Federal Regulatory Agencies
The executive branch consists of several federal regulatory agencies which include:

• Decentralized Regulatory Agencies
• Finance (condusef, Consar, CNSF, IPAB, CNBV)
• Energy (CRE, Conae, Conasenusa)
• Environment (CAN, Profepa, Conafor)
• Economy (CFC, Profeco, IMPI, Cofemer)
• Education (Conaculta, INBAL, INDA, INAH, CONADE)
• Health (Cofepris)
• Agriculture
• Transparency
• Transport & Telecommunications (COFETEL, ASA, Capufe)
• Information Access (IFAI)
• Other Federal Regulatory Agencies
• Labor
• Tourism
• Defense
• Interior
• Navy
• Rural Development
• Internal Controller
• Public Security
• Social Issues

Mexico’s Federal Legislative Branch

Congress (Congreso de la Unión)
Mexico’s Congress is bicameral.  It consists of two legislative chambers:

• Senate (Cámara de Senadores)
• Representatives (Cámera de Diputados)

They meet for two sessions per year:

• 11/01-12/31
• 4/15-7/15

During the interim, the Comisión Permanente meets.  One important power of the legislature is its power to overturn a Presidential veto.

Senate (Cámara de Senadores)
Mexico’s Senate consists of four members from each state for a total of 128 members.  It handles Mexico’s foreign policy.  96 of the members are elected by plurality vote.  32 of the members are elected through a party-list system.  Every member of the Senate serves one six-year term and cannot be immediately re-elected. 

Representatives (Cámera de Diputados)
Mexico’s Representatives consists of 500 members.  It handles Mexico’s budget and expenditures.  300 of the members are elected by simple majority.  200 of the members are elected through a party-list system.  Every member of the Representatives serves one three-year term and cannot be immediately re-elected

 

Mexico’s Federal Judicial Branch

Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación
Mexico’s Supreme Court consists of 21 Magistrates that are appointed for life. Court rulings do not set judicial precedent.  The Court consists of four chambers:

• Penal Affairs
• Civil Affairs
• Administrative Affairs
• Labor Affairs

Collegial Circuit Courts (Colegiados de Circuito)
This Court deliberates on individual rights, writs of amparo, and grants.  The Unitary Circuit Courts handles appeals.

Administrative Courts (Juntas Federales de Conciliació y Arbitraje)
These courts consist of the Courts of Agrarian Justice and Military Justice.  This court also has jurisdiction over the Electoral Process.

District Courts (Juzados de Distrito)